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Physical Geography
Ø
The City is situated on the vast northeastern floodplain of
Oriental Mindoro.
Ø
The overall land character is that of a wide plain having
meandering rivers interspersed with wetlands at the seacoast
periphery.
Ø
The flat terrain is interrupted by the elongated Bulusan Hill
(highest elevation equal to 187 meters above sea level) at the
northeast towards the coast and the rise at the southwest which is
actually part of the foot of the Halcon-Baco Mountain Range.
Table 1
Geological Formation
|
Rock
Formation |
Composition |
Location |
Area (has) |
Share(%) |
|
Sedimentary |
Quaternary Alluvium |
Most of the city |
17,659.08 |
94.94 |
|
Igneous |
Lumintao Formation |
Bulusan/Lazareto |
693.10 |
3.73 |
|
Igneous |
Quaternary Volcanics |
Guinobatan, etc |
247.51 |
1.33 |
|
|
|
Total |
18,599.69 |
100.00 |
Source: Or.
Mdro. PPDO; modified by Cybersoft, Inc. from JICA 1983 and BMG
1981
Reference
Map : Geologic Map
Table 2
Rock Types
|
Rock Types |
Mineral Composition
|
Mode of
Formation |
Area (has.) |
Share (%) |
|
Mixed
Sediments (Alluvium) |
Mainly
quartz and clay |
Fluviatile
deposition |
16,228.31 |
87.25 |
|
Sedimentary
Complex Rocks (shale, sandstone, conglomerate) |
Quarts,
clay and other authigenic materials |
Mechanical
deposition |
528.11 |
2.84 |
|
Limestone |
Calcite,
carbonite materials |
Chemical
deposition |
143.10 |
0.77 |
|
Dacite |
Quartz,
feldspar,
Ferro-magnesium |
Volcanic
extrusion |
1,700.17 |
9.14 |
Source: LREP,
DA-BSWM, 1986
Soil Types
|
Type |
Area
(has.) |
Share
(%) |
|
San Manuel Silty Loam |
7,840 |
36.08 |
|
San Manuel Sandy Loam |
3,069 |
14.12 |
|
San Manuel Loam |
1,774 |
8.16 |
|
Calumpang Silty Clay Loam |
1,660 |
7.64 |
|
Calumpang Clay Loam |
220 |
1.01 |
|
Bulaoen Clay Loam |
3,600 |
16.57 |
|
Buguey Loamy Sand |
2,907 |
13.38 |
|
Beach sand |
408 |
1.88 |
|
Hydrosol |
252 |
1.16 |
|
Total |
21,730 |
100.00 |
Soil Type of Different Barangays
|
BARANGAY |
SOIL TYPE |
|
Balingayan |
San Manuel Loam |
|
Balite |
Beach Sand |
|
Baruyan |
San Manuel Silt Loam |
|
Batino |
Calumpang Silty Clay Loam |
|
Bayanan I |
San Manuel Silt Loam |
|
Bayanan II |
Calumpang Silty Clay Loam |
|
Biga |
San Manuel Silt Loam |
|
Bondoc |
Bulaoen Clay Loam |
|
Bucayao |
Calumpang Silty Clay Loam |
|
Buhuan |
San Manuel Silt Loam |
|
Bulusan |
Bulaoen Clay Loam |
|
Calero |
Bulaoen Clay Loam |
|
Camansihan |
Calumpang Silty Clay Loam |
|
Camilmil |
Beach Sand |
|
Canubing I |
San Manuel Loam |
|
Canubing II |
San Manuel Loam |
|
Comunal |
San Manuel Loam |
|
Guinobatan |
Calumpang Silty Clay Loam |
|
Gulod |
Calumpang Silty Clay Loam |
|
Gutad |
San Manuel Silt Loam |
|
Ibaba East |
Beach Sand |
|
Ibaba West |
Beach Sand |
|
Ilaya |
Beach Sand |
|
Lalud |
Beach Sand |
|
Lazareto |
San Manuel Silty Loam |
|
Libis |
Bulaoen Clay Loam |
|
Lumangbayan |
San Manuel Silt Loam |
|
Mahal na Pangalan |
Beach Sand |
|
Maidlang |
Beach Sand |
|
Malad |
San Manuel Silt Loam |
|
Malamig |
San Manuel Loam |
|
Managpi |
San Manuel Silt Loam |
|
Masipit |
Calumpang Silty Clay Loam |
|
Nag-iba I |
Hydrosol |
|
Nag-iba II |
Hydrosol |
|
Navotas |
San Manuel Sandy Loam |
|
Pachoca |
Beach Sand |
|
Palhi |
Bulaoen Clay Loam |
|
Panggalaan |
San Manuel Silt Loam |
|
Parang |
Bulaoen Clay Loam |
|
Patas |
San Manuel Silt Loam |
|
Personas |
San Manuel Silt Loam |
|
Puting Tubig |
San Manuel Silt Loam |
|
Salong |
Bulaoen Clay Loam |
|
San Vicente Central |
Beach Sand |
|
San Vicente East |
Beach Sand |
|
San Vicente North |
Beach Sand |
|
San Vicente South |
Beach Sand |
|
San Vicente West |
Beach Sand |
|
San Antonio |
San Manuel Sandy Loam |
|
Sapul |
Calumpang Silty Clay Loam |
|
Silonay |
San Manuel sandy Loam, Beach sand |
|
Sta. Cruz |
San Manuel Silt Loam |
|
Sta. Isabel |
San Manuel Silt Loam |
|
Sta. Maria
Village |
Beach Sand, San Manuel Silt Loam |
|
Sta. Rita |
San Manuel Loam |
|
Sto. Niño |
Bulaoen Clay Loam |
|
Suqui |
San Manuel Sandy Loam |
|
Tawagan |
San Manuel Silt Loam |
|
Tawiran |
San Manuel Silt Loam |
|
Tibag |
Beach Sand |
|
Wawa |
Beach Sand |
Two identified faultline borders in the City:
Ø
The Lubang Fault at the north of Baco Grande Island which follows
an east-west axis and the Central Mindoro Fault at the west
following a north-south axis.
Ø
The Aglubang River Fault, which is a branch of the Central Mindoro
Fault, traverses the western part of the City and follows a
north-south axis.
According to the report of the
Land Resource Evaluation Project (LREP) undertaken by the
Department of Agriculture (DA) in 1986, diastrophic processes are
still affecting the province (particularly the northern side,
where Calapan is located), the last major one being the magnitude
7.1 in 1994 and the antecedent rivers.
Lowland
Ø
This is the most extensive landform in the City and is best
described as a broad flatland.
Ø
The rock type of this landform is Mixed Sediments (alluvium) which
is composed mainly of quartz and clay and is formed through
fluviatile (mechanical) deposition of rivers and streams.
Ø
This landform has the lowest elevation among all types and is
actually a floodplain where inundation is a concern especially
during the occurrence of heavy rains.
Ø
Lowlands are further subdivided into the following Geomorphic
Management Units (GMU):
Coastal plain
·
Formed through the deposition of alluvial materials such as sand
and shells by waves and by silt, clay and other fine particles by
rivers and streams.
·
Mostly found in the northeastern coastline of the City as a belt
especially in the barangays of Suqui, Silonay, Maidlang, Gutad and
Navotas (going inland along the Kilokilo and Silonay Rivers).
·
On the western side, this is found along the flanks of the Baruyan
River up to Caluangan Lake.
·
Fishponds, mangroves, nipa, beach ridges and swales characterize
the coastal plain.
Broad Alluvial Plains
·
Most dominant GMU and borders the coastal plain areas.
·
Composed of clay, silt, sand, gravel and cobbles deposited from
the highlands by rivers and streams.
·
May be found throughout the City and predominantly at its western,
central, southeastern and southern parts.
Upland
·
Residual Terraces represent this landform type as a GMU in the
City which are made up of sandstone, pyroclastic and/or dacite
·
Gently sloping areas that are bounded by steep slopes.
·
May be found at the foot of the Hills of Bulusan and in the
southwestern part of Brgy. Canubing II.
Hills
·
Landforms with abrupt rises and with elevations of less than 500
meters above sea level.
·
Four GMUs of hills according to parent material are found in
Calapan:
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